The Work of Jean Piaget Essay - 1849 Words

The Work of Jean Piaget Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist, was a pioneer in the field of developmental psychology. He developed many fields of science, but is recognised primarily for his contribution to the field of genetic epistemology (the theory of knowledge). He believed that there was a biological explanation for the development of knowledge, and that children had their own processes of learning, and their thought processes were separate and distinct from adults. He developed a broad theory, based on his studies of children, which described four main stages in the learning process. He began studying children and the development of knowledge when he moved to Paris and began working on the†¦show more content†¦Upon completing his doctorate and moving to the Sorbonne, and taking part in the research being conducted by Theodore Simon and Alfred Binet (of IQ-test fame), he was intrigued by the consistently wrong answers given by children and decided to study their reasoning process further, rec ording interviews and play behaviour in order to document the childrens reactions. His marriage in 1923 provided him with the opportunity to study children intimately; his first child was born in 1925, and his three children became the focus of research for both Piaget and his wife. He received numerous honorary degrees and held various influential positions during his career (president of the Swiss Society of Psychology, director of the Bureau International Office de lEducation, President of the Swiss Commission of UNESCO). He also created the International Center for Genetic Epistemology and the School of Sciences at the University of Geneva. His written work was prolific, and he was writing papers and articles right up until his death, aged 84. Piagets belief that looking at how knowledge develops in children will expand our understanding of knowledge in general has led to many investigations into ways of knowing; the fields of artificial intelligence and behavioural studiesShow MoreRelatedJean Piaget s Theory Of Education Essay1248 Words   |  5 Pagesgenerations have done,† (â€Å"Jean Piaget†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ) a wise man once stated. In this paper we are going to go more in-depth into Jean Piaget’s life and how the work of Jean Piaget greatly influenced the field of early childhood education. This paper will include a brief summary of Jean Piaget’s life, a description of his/her major theories or ideas, and how those ideas impact early education today. One question that was posed and will be touched on during my paper is the question of how Jean Piaget made it easier forRead MoreJean Piaget Essay1593 Words   |  7 PagesJean Piaget was a major contributor to the world of psychology and sociology that we know today. His works and discoveries still help sociologist determine and figure out ways people in society interact and develop throughout time. Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 and was raised in Neuchà ¢tel, Switzerland (Boeree n.d.). His family was very influential to his success. His father was a historian that authored many writings on the medieval times, and his mother was very intellectual and kind, howeverRead MoreJean Piaget s Theories Of Cognitive Development1360 Words   |  6 Pages Jean Piaget was a Swiss psychologist. He worked in the fields of Developmental Psychology and Epistemology. He’s known for his works and theories in the field of child development. His theories of cognitive development and epistemological views are called, â€Å"genetic epistemology†. Piaget placed the education of children as most important. His works and theories still play a huge role and influence the study of child psychology today. Jean Piaget was born on August 9, 1896 in Neuchatel, SwitzerlandRead MoreVygotsky And Vygotsky : Early Childhood Development1683 Words   |  7 Pages Amanda Rezzonico Piaget vs Vygotsky Early Childhood Development Lev Vygotsky and Jean Piaget are known in the educational world. Vygotsky and Piaget were developmental psychologists who had many of the same views and beliefs, but at the same time had opposing views. According to Jean Piaget â€Å"cognitive development was a repetitive reorganization of mental processes that derived from biological maturation in addition to environmental experiences’’ (McLeod, S. A. (2015). The childRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Cognitive Development895 Words   |  4 Pageshave contributed to the study of Psychology. One of these great contributors is Jean Piaget, a Swiss psychologist. He is mostly known for his theory of cognitive development. Jean Piaget used his own life as well of the lives of his own children to develop this theory. He believed that the thought process between children and adults were different and thus that began the process of Cognitive Development. Jean Piaget is a Swiss psychologist who was born on August 9, 1986. He is one of the mostRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory And Theory1673 Words   |  7 Pageshelps to support or clarify the theory. The theorist I am choosing to talk about is Jean Piaget who discovered the cognitive development theory and who broke it down into different stages. The different stages are the sensorimotor stage, the preoperational stage, the concrete operational thought, and the formal operational thought. To sum up Piaget’s theory he believes children learn more about how the world works by little experiments in which they test their understanding. The stages he brokeRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Psychology744 Words   |  3 PagesJustin Waite The Study of Jean Piaget 11/16/2015  Born on August 9, 1986 in Neuchatel, Switzerland, Jean Piaget was one of the most influential theorist in the field of early childhood development and psychology that ever existed. His input towards human intelligence is second to none. Piaget learned the value of hard work from his father who was a medieval history writer. His mother was also very intelligent. Although she was a very bright and energetic individual, she was also mentallyRead MoreMontessori vs. Piaget Essay1477 Words   |  6 PagesMontessori’s Theory Vs. Jean Piaget’s Theory Maria Montessori and Jean Piaget are two educational philosophers whose theories are still being used and influence today’s educational system. Their theories and methods were revolutionary for their times, but they came to be greatly respected. Both of these theorist developed their own stages of child development and were able to base education on these stages. Although in many ways Piaget and Montessori were very similar in theirRead MoreInfluential Theorist And Child Development : Who Are Capable Of Inventing New Things? Essay1214 Words   |  5 PagesMrs. Slinger HPC 3OR September 17th, 2016 Influential Theorists In Child Development: Intellect, Jean Piaget (1896-1980) The goal of education is not to increase the amount of knowledge, but to create the possibilities for a child to invent and discover, to create men who are capable of inventing new things. Jean Piaget is an influential theorist in child intellect development. Piaget insights society on the importance of not learning, but thinking, his thoughts/studies give a furtherRead MoreJean Piaget s Theory Of Knowing921 Words   |  4 PagesJean Piaget was a developmental psychologist and philosopher from Switzerland. He is known for his epistemological studies with children. He was the first to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was also the Director of the International Bureau of Education. He was â€Å"the great pioneer of the constructivist theory of knowing.† He was known as the second best psychologist after Skinner by the end of the 20th century. Throughout his career, Jean Piaget declared that â€Å"only education

Introduction to Micro-Economics - 2163 Words

#61548;Economics is the study of how individuals and societies choose to use the scarce resources that nature and previous generations have provided. There are many reasons to study economics, including 1.To learn a way of thinking 2.To understand society 3.To understand global affairs 4.To be an informed voter Economics has three fundamental concepts: a. Opportunity cost, b. Marginalism, and c. Efficient markets. a. Opportunity cost is the best alternative that we forgo, or give up, when we make a choice or a decision. b.Marginalism and Sunk Costs: Suppose, for example, that you live in New Delhi and that you are weighing the costs and benefits of visiting your mother in Vashi. If business required that you travel to†¦show more content†¦#61548;A knowledge of economics is essential to be an informed voter. #61548;You might disagree with the above statement when you refer this to the Indian context ! #61548;Well, at least in more-developed countries, it makes more sense. #61548;But the common Indian man has native intelligence about rudimentary economics, even though he may not be formally trained in the subject. #61548;However, it should be no excuse for YOU to understand economics in class ! #61548;Microeconomics is the branch of economics that examines the functioning of individual industries and the behavior of individual decision-making units Ââ€" that is, business firms and households. #61548;Macroeconomics is the branch of economics that examines the economic behavior of aggregates Ââ€" income, employment, output, and so on Ââ€" on a national scale. #61548;For example, microeconomics deals with household income; macroeconomics deals with national income. Economics asks and attempts to answer two kinds of questions, positive and normative. #61548;Positive economics attempts to understand behavior and the operation of economic systems without making judgments about whether the outcomes are good or bad. #61548;It strives to describe what exists and how it works. E.g. What determines the wage rate for unskilled workers? What would happen if we abolished the corporate income tax? #61548;Normative economicsShow MoreRelatedNew Classical Macroeconomics And Macroeconomics Essay1555 Words   |  7 PagesIntroduction New classical Macroeconomics is an important school of macroeconomics development since 1970s. New Classical Macroeconomics is originally evolved from the school of Rational Expectations and monetarism. New classical Macroeconomics is also referred to the Macroeconomics of the rational expectations, or equilibrium method for Macroeconomics. New classical Macroeconomics abides by traditions of the classical economics and believes in the effectiveness of market forces. New classical MacroeconomicsRead MoreObjectives of Macroeconomics1477 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction to Macroeconomics Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroeconomics 1.1 INTRODUCTION †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Economics is divided into two main branches: microeconomics and macroeconomics. Macro means large, and micro means small. Microeconomics takes a close-up view of the economy by concentrating on the choices made by individual participants in the economy such as consumers, workers, business managers and investors. Microeconomics stresses on the role of prices in business and personal decisionsRead MorePart 1 Introduction to Macro Micro frameworks: The Business firm consist of a set of internal800 Words   |  4 PagesPart 1 Introduction to Macro Micro frameworks: The Business firm consist of a set of internal factors and is confronted with a set of external factors (i.e., Environment). This is the relation between a firm and its environment. Business environment (external factors) is classified as (1) Micro Environment (2) Macro Environment Micro Environment: The micro environment consists of the factor of the firm’s immediate environment, i.e. a) Suppliers b) MarketingRead MoreThe Role and Impact of Microfinance Institutions on Ghana’s Economy.1472 Words   |  6 Pages1950s; †¢ Establishment of the Agricultural Development Bank in 1965 specifically to address the financial needs of the fisheries and agricultural sector; †¢ Establishment of Rural and Community Banks (RCBs), and the introduction of regulations such as commercial banks being required to set aside 20% of total portfolio, to promote lending to agriculture and small scale industries in the 1970s and early 1980s; †¢ Shifting from a restrictive financial sectorRead MoreInvestigating the Role of Micro-Finance in Female Empowerment, Kawangware Division, Nairobi County1519 Words   |  7 Pages 1 INTRODUCTION 1.1 Background information Poverty is a universal phenomenon, that is found virtually everywhere and affect a large number of people in the globe. To this effect Thirlwall (2003:87) contributing to the poverty literature, says that ‘in poverty, there is feeling of powerlessness, vulnerability and fear because the poor is not free, he is exposed to greater risks and living on the margin of subsistence.’ That is to say, the poor have little or no significant say in theRead MoreNew Classical Macroeconomics Arose From The Monetarism And Rational Expectation School Essay922 Words   |  4 PagesIntroduction New Classical Macroeconomics arose from the Monetarism and Rational Expectation School in the 1970s and follows the tradition of classical economics. If the market mechanism is allowed to play its role spontaneously, which could solve the unemployment, recession and a series of macroeconomic issues. Keynesian economists believe that changes in the money supply will lead to changes in effective demand that will changes in the total economy. For economic cycle fluctuation, Keynesian economistsRead MoreKfc Marketing Fundamental1686 Words   |  7 PagesContents I - Introduction 2 II - Micro Environment 2 1. Customers 2 2. Partners 3 2.1. Suppliers 3 2.2. Franchisees 3 3. Competitors 3 4. Industry 4 III - Macro Environment 4 1. Political 5 1.1. Carbon tax 5 1.2. Minimum wages 5 2. Social Cultural 5 3. Economic 6 IV - Conclusion 6 V - References: 6 I - Introduction KFC, which has full name as Kentucky Fried Chicken, is one of well-known fast food brand names in the world due to their effective marketingRead MoreMarketing Micro and Macro Environmental Factors1669 Words   |  7 PagesMacro and micro environments both fall into the categories of environmental scanning. The general scope of environmental scanning is that it is a component of global environmental analysis. While analyses are typically carried out on the macro environment, the micro environment still has an important role to play. In summary, the macro environment is involved with the industries, companies, markets, clients and competitors, while the micro environment can be represented by the suppliers, competitorsRead MoreMicro and Macro Marketing946 Words   |  4 PagesMICRO AND MACRO MARKETING ENVIRONMENT Introduction Micro marketing Refers to the internal controllable factors or forces which affects the ability of a company to serve its customers. e.g. the organization, the market, the suppliers, market intermediaries and the marketing mix. The micro marketing environment that surrounds organisations can be complex by nature, however the company has an element of control over how it operates within this environment. Macro marketing Refers to the externalRead MoreElements of Small Business Environment1534 Words   |  7 PagesBA505 ETR401   |   LECTURER: MR. NGHIAHT NGUYEN THAI HA B0074 - BA505 ETR401   |   LECTURER: MR. NGHIAHT CONTENTS I. INTRODUCTION of ENVIRONMENT II. INTERNAL ENVIRONMENT III. EXTERNAL ENVIRONMENT 1. Task Environment 2. General Environment IV. CONCLUSION V. PREFERENCES I. INTRODUCTION In order to start up or become effective, each new and current companies have to use a number of elements within the environment to gauge the path by

Strategic Internal Communication Samples †MyAssignmenthelp.com

Question: Discuss about the Strategic Internal Communication. Answer: Communication is the key of success or failure of any change program in a workplace. The employees in present days face various issues in the workplace due to lack of communication skills; hence, the organizations need to take appropriate approaches to solve the issues. It is necessary to develop the communication style of the employees so that they can improve their skills in the workplace. Strategic employee communication model helped in such case. Most of the organizations fail to involve the employees in the decision- making procedure. These acts demotivate the employees and they cannot accept the changes easily. The stronger communication can help to build a stronger relationship in between the employees and employers. For the effective communication, some of the strategies can be taken. The employees need to pay full attention while communicating with others and should have active listening skill. While communicating, body language plays the significant role, which creates impr ession on the others. The facial expression, pronunciation, and tome of voice need to be firm so that others can understand everything. Communication is the two way process; hence, everyone needs to take part equally. In such case, the strategic communication model can help the employees so that they can communicate effectively in the workplace with others and thus cultural diversity can be managed. A healthy environment needs to be built in the workplace so that the employees can feel motivated and can participate in the strategic employee communication function. The employers can motivate the employees so that they can actively take part in different programs that is associated by the organization to develop the communication skills. The employers can use face-to-face communication method via meeting, and emails to communicate with the employees about the new policies, changes and to share other important information. In the workplace, the employee motivation plays the significant role, which can be improved the communication skill of the employees. The organizations can arrange training sessions for the employees so that they can develop the skills to adjust in the workplace with cultural diversity. Article Quotes: Articles Quotes Argenti, P.A., 1998. Strategic employee communications.Human Resource Management (1986-1998),37(3-4), p.199. The changes put pressure on todays employees and create the need for a more coordinated approach to employee communication. Hutchinson, S., 2014, July. The importance of communication in fulfilling the strategic role of HRM. InMeeting the Challenges of Human Resource Management: A Communication Perspective, Routledge, New York, NY(pp. 16-26). Communication is an integral part of the strategy- making process and is generally considered essential to the establishment of a strong HRM system that allows for the creation of an organizational climate conductive to high performance. Men, L.R., 2014. Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction.Management Communication Quarterly,28(2), pp.264-284. Through a web survey of 400 employees working in medium-sized and large corporations in the United States, the study showed that transformational leadership positively influences the organizations symmetrical internal communication and employee relational satisfaction. Table 1: Quotes References Argenti, P.A., 1998. Strategic employee communications.Human Resource Management (1986-1998),37(3-4), p.199. Hutchinson, S., 2014, July. The importance of communication in fulfilling the strategic role of HRM. InMeeting the Challenges of Human Resource Management: A Communication Perspective, Routledge, New York, NY(pp. 16-26). Men, L.R., 2014. Strategic internal communication: Transformational leadership, communication channels, and employee satisfaction.

Islam in France

Introduction This paper focuses on France and Islam with special attention given to the Burqa controversy. To appreciate the origins and history of the veil, the first part of this paper is an analysis of veil use in the three major monotheistic religions. The paper goes further to look at how France deals with the Islamic population and religious signs. Finally, it looks at how the burqa has become a problem for the French Government.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Islam in France specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The Veil in Monotheistic Religions Veils have been used in many cultures in the history of mankind. Some veils are worn for religious purposes. In a religion like Islam, veils are used by women as a sign of modesty. Apart from modesty, veils are used for many other purposes. For instance, some cultural groups have special veils. The veil in such an instance is a cultural symbol. The veil in Is lam helps to institute a socio-sexual distance and signifies personal devotion towards Allah[1]. Veils used for religious purposes were adopted from the cultural groups among which given religions developed. This is the reason why all the monotheistic religions i.e. Christianity, Islam and Judaism have veils. In given cultures around the world, especially among the tribes in ancient Palestine or current Middle East, all women used veils. This is because these tribes practiced certain forms of seclusion against women. Women were secluded from men to avoid promiscuity. However, given physical seclusion was largely impractical; veiling was used as a way of ensuring a woman remained an untouched mystery of sorts. Later some women who rebelled against veiling were regarded as prostitutes i.e. people ready to trade their dignity with the pleasure of attracting men to themselves. Beyond issues to do with seclusion, veils have been used among some cultures for general cleanliness e.g. keepi ng hair dry. In some other instances, veils were worn to signify life seasons e.g. special veils during funeral or when mourning[2]. Some veils developed as a way of hiding identity. For example, individuals would veil themselves and walk around so as not to be identified. In Judaism, most religious articles were veiled. Brides used to be veiled only to be unveiled on their marriage day. In day to day living, all indications show that Jewish women, practitioners of Judaism, veiled their heads and on special occasions even the face was veiled.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Christians borrowed veiling from the Jewish traditional way of life. Jewish women generally wore veils. In the early church, all church going women wore veils. There are many bible verses that talk about veiled women. There are liturgical veils that are used to cover the altar, church tabernacles, church documents and all sacred places or tools. Apart from veils used for sacred things or tools, head covering is an entrenched Christian practice. The use of veils in Islam is also attributable to the Arab culture in which Islam developed. Even before Islam, Arab cultures general advocated for seclusion and veiling of women. Muslim women are required to dress as per to Hijab (modest dressing). Hijab refers to a code of dress for Muslim women meant to veil or to conceal some parts of the body that should not be seen by marriageable men[3]. There are a variety of veils worn by Muslim women. The basic veils are headscarves and are used for aesthetic purposes in addition to the modesty requirement. The burqa is characteristically different from the veils because it is a garment that practically covers the whole body[4]. In actual sense, no part of the face is left visible and one is only able to see and breathe through netting. â€Å"Veiling among Muslim women has become iconic in the world creating a distinct difference between dressing in eastern countries and dressing from the western countries†[5]. Islam in France The jihadist crusades of Muslims led to introduction of Islam in France in the 8th century. However, after World War II, Islamic presence in France dwindled and currently, the Muslims in France are a minority group[6]. Many of the Muslims in France are siblings of immigrants who came in search of green pastures[7]. Over the years, despite challenges, the government has sought programs that address immigrant’s characteristics e.g. documentaries on immigrants cultures[8]. The surge of Muslims into France can directly be attributed to France colonization of Islamic areas especially in North Africa. Apart from the ever soaring numbers of Muslim immigrants, Islam grew in France from the conversion of some natives into the religion. Unlike in other countries, due to overemphasis on secularism, Islam in France is overly strained[9]. Many F rench people still consider Islam as an alien culture. They consider it inherited as its presence in France is as a result of immigration of Muslims mostly from Algeria and other northern Africa French colonies. Though France is a secular state, it has recently attempted to facilitate for representation of the Muslims.Advertising We will write a custom research paper sample on Islam in France specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More There was a move to create a â€Å"French Council of the Muslim Faith† in 2002 though it faced criticism with claims that it will enhance communism. Having been immigrants most of the Muslim families are relegated to living in suburbs outside the major towns where the conditions are poor. This probably is one of the causes of the Paris suburb riots in 2005. How Government Deals with Muslim Population The French government seeks to treat the Islamic community like any other citizens. It strives to ensur e religion does not influence state operation in any way. It allows for congregating of Muslims and many mosques exist in France. However, the laà ¯cità © framework or code that guides religious conduct, no religion is allowed to display religious symbols or practice in public as to affect others. This kind of approach to Muslims and people of other religions is supposed to foster integration and facilitated nationalism. People feel more belonging to France because religion does not come into play when in the public places. However, some people have argued that secularism should be more about accommodating difference thus integration than banning difference[10]. Muslims in France live a normal Islamic life except that they have to follow the laà ¯cità © framework[11]. This framework or code of conduct specifies how religious conduct is to be approached. It stipulates that people have to practice their religion without affecting the rest of the public. Muslims in France are allow ed to follow Islamic stipulates but due to general secularism, it is very difficult. For example, they are allowed, as required of all Muslims, to carry out daily prayers (salah) and observe the fast of Ramadhan. However due to work demands and lack of proper recognition of Ramadhan feast days, many Muslims find it had to live their religion[12]. The government, based on a proposal by the current president, set up â€Å"The French Council of Muslim Faith† (CFCM)[13]. The CFM controls Islamic conduct and works closely with the â€Å"Federation of French Muslims† and the â€Å"Union of Islamic organizations of France.† The Burqa Problem Since 1905, France adopted a framework called laà ¯cità ©. The framework aims at the â€Å"separation of state and religion† or basically secularization of France so as to accord all citizens freedom and equality[14]. It is on the basis of laà ¯cità © that veils were banned in schools and the work places. In the recent p ast, the burqa, which is a garment that covers the whole body (even the face) and is worn by Muslim women, came into focus. Politicians have made concerted efforts to have the burqa banned[15]. The biggest huddle to their intentions has always been the constitutionality of such a ban.Advertising Looking for research paper on religion theology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More In March of 2010, the top most administrative court in France quashed plans to ban the burqa. The plan to ban the burqa had the support of President Sarkozy himself. The president had supported the ban on the ground that the burqa denied women the dignity they deserve. The attempted ban, supported by Sarkozy enlisted tremendous heated debates in France and across Europe. Those in support of the ban have argued that it is in line with laà ¯cità ©. According to them, laà ¯cità © as a framework aimed at ensuring all conspicuous religious signs and symbols are kept away from the public domain. There are other arguments that have been raised in favor of the ban. It is widely believed that some traditionalists force women to wear the full veils[16]. This is against the principles of equality as envisaged by French secularism. To tame those who may force others into wearing full veils, the ban had proposed a hefty fine. Radical Islam is perceived by the politicians, especially from the right wing, and majority citizens as being in disagreement with the cardinal French values[17]. The French values are enshrined in the famous â€Å"liberte, egalite et fraternite†. Radical Islamic values tend to place women in subservient positions and are thus understood to go against what being French means. The majority in France are very passionate about their national identity; the more reason why Sarkozy did badly in the regional elections. Islamic scholars, on their part, are generally divided on whether wearing of veils is an Islamic imperative or not. Nevertheless, the traditionalists among the Muslims tend to favor the wearing of the ‘burka’. The government saw it fitting to ban the use of veils in schools as a way of ensuring equality and freedom for all[18]. The ban of veils in schools and other public places enlisted widespread condemnation, in some cases violent protests, by the Muslim fraternity[19]. Many Muslims view the banning of the burka as a direct attack on Islamic religion and values. However, as Killian reports, majority of the Islamic women supported the ban on veils in schools thus are likely to support ban on burqa[20]. The biggest huddle to the banning of the burqa in France is the laws and courts by extension[21]. It is for this reason; it is argued, that the Sarkozy government consulted the Council of State even before the law had been passed. Rorive explains that in EU law, the concept of indirect discrimination is very meaningful[22]. As the ruling of the council confirmed, both French laws and the EU laws do not support such a ban. According to the council of state, the move to ban the burqa was merely out of bias and there was no legal or jurisprudential basis for the same. There are those who had been arguing that a ban was necessary for the sake of public security. According to the council, a ban on the burqa alone in the name of public security does not stand the test of non-discrimination. Conclusion T he history of the veil as an apparel indicates that it is a piece of clothing that has been used for long in many cultures. The use of the veil in the three major monotheistic religions resulted from the cultural practices in which the religions grew. The use of the veil is advocated for in the Quran[23]. However, the Burqa i.e. a veil that covers the whole of a woman’s body, even the face is controversial and some Muslims concur that banning it in schools is welcome[24]. The French government seeks to bar any conspicuous religious practices that can affect the public. Based on its Laà ¯cità © framework, it banned the use of veils by school going girls. Statistics show that very few high students have refused to abide by it. It is in the opinion of analysts that an increase in Muslim schools could assist those who are objected to this ban. The ban has been seen as a discrimination against the Muslims. Bibliography Ahmad Fawzia, â€Å"Beyond the Hijab as a Lodestone†. Journal of Feminists Studies in Religion 24, No 1 (2008): 99- 101 Cesari Joselyne â€Å"The Muslim Presence in France and the United States: Its Consequences for Secularism† French Politics, Culture and Society 25, No. 2 (Summer 2007): 34-45 Dimier Veronique. â€Å"French Secularism in Debate: Old Wine in New Bottles† French Politics, Culture and Society 26, No. 1 (Spring 2008): 92-110 El Hamel Chouki. â€Å"Muslim Diaspora in Western Europe: the Islamic Headscarf (Hijab), the Media and Muslim’s Integration in France.† Citizenship Studies 6, No 3 (Carfax Publishing, 2003): 293 – 308 Grillo, R. D. Pluralism and the Politics of Difference: State, Culture, and Ethnicity in Comparative Perspective. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998 Jelen Brigitte. â€Å"‘Leur Histoire est Notre Histoire’: Immigrant Culture in France between Visibility and Invisibility† French Politics, Culture and Society 23, No. 2 (Summer 2005): 101 – 1 25 Borneman John â€Å"Veiling and Women’s Intelligibility† Cardozo Law Review 30, No. 6, (2009):2745- 2760 Kilian, Caitlin. From A Community of Believers to an Islam of the Heart: â€Å"Conspicuous† Symbols, Muslim Practices and the Privatization of Religion in France. Madison, Sociology of Religion 68, No. 6 (2007): 305-320 Mac Cormaic Ruadhà ¡n. â€Å"Imam Seeks Ban On Burqa As Report Set To Urge Prohibition In Public Places†. The Irish Times (January 23, 2010): 12 Rorive Isabelle â€Å"Religious Symbols in the Public Space: the search for a European answer† Cardozo Law Review 30, No. 6, (2009):2669- 2698 Sachs, Susan. â€Å"Will France Dictate What Muslim Women Can Wear?; Committee’s Hearings On The Niqab Will Pit Ideal Of A Secular State Against The Guarantee Of Religious Freedom†. The Globe and Mail (July 7, 2009 Tuesday): 1-2 Saltmarsh, Matthew. â€Å"French Panel Stops Short Of Total Ban on Full Veil; Deputies Recommend Excl uding Muslim Garb in Public Facilities.† International Herald Tribune (January 27, 2010): 1-2 Scott, M. Joan. â€Å"Symptomatic Politics: The Banning Of Islamic Headscarves in French Public Schools. Institute for Advanced Study†. French Politics, Culture Society 23, No. 2 (Winter 2005): 106-127 Solihu Abdul Kabir Hussain â€Å"Making Sense of Hijab and Nigab in Contemporary Western Societies† Intellectual Discourse 17, No.1 (2009): 25-41 Weil Patrick. â€Å"Lifting the Veil†. Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, French Politics, Culture and Society 22, No. 3 (Fall 2004): 142-149 Footnotes Ahmad Fawzia, â€Å"Beyond the Hijab as a Lodestone†. Journal of Feminists Studies in Religion 24, No 1 (2008), 99- 101 R. D. Grillo. Pluralism and the Politics of Difference: State, Culture, and Ethnicity in Comparative Perspective. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1998), 116 Abdul Kabir Hussain Solihu â€Å"Making Sense of Hijab and Nigab in Contempo rary Western Societies† Intellectual Discourse 17, No.1 (2009), 26 Solihu, 26 John Borneman â€Å"Veiling and Women’s Intelligibility† Cardozo Law Review 30, No. 6, (2009):2745- 2760) Chouki El Hamel. â€Å"Muslim Diaspora in Western Europe: the Islamic Headscarf (Hijab), the Media and Muslim’s Integration in France.† Citizenship Studies 6, No 3 (Carfax Publishing, 2003), 294 Caitlin, Kilian. From a community of Believers to an Islam of the Heart: â€Å"Conspicuous† symbols, Muslim Practices and the Privatization of Religion in France. Sociology of religion 68, No. 6 (2007), 305 Brigitte Jelen. â€Å"‘Leur Histoire est Notre Histoire’: Immigrant Culture in France between Visibility and Invisibility† French Politics, Culture and Society 23, No. 2 (Summer 2005), 126 Joselyne Cesari â€Å"The Muslim Presence in France and the United States: Its Consequences for Secularism† French Politics, Culture and Society 25, No. 2 ( Summer 2007), 37 Veronique Dimier. â€Å"French Secularism in Debate: Old Wine in New Bottles† French Politics, Culture and Society 26, No. 1 (Spring 2008), 99 Killian, 308 Killian, 311 Cesari, 37 Patrick, Weil. â€Å"Lifting the Veil†. Centre National De La Recherche Scientifique, French Politics, Culture and Society 22, No. 3 (Fall 2004), 142 Ruadhà ¡n Mac Cormaic. â€Å"Imam Seeks Ban on Burqa as Report Set to Urge Prohibition In Public Places†. The Irish Times (January 23, 2010), 12 Weil, 144 Joan M. Scott. â€Å"Symptomatic Politics: The Banning Of Islamic Headscarves in French Public Schools. Institute for Advanced Study†. French Politics, Culture Society 23, No. 2 (Winter 2005), 104 Killian, 310 Scott, 107 Killian, 306 Susan, Sachs. â€Å"Will France dictate what Muslim women can wear?;Committee’s hearings on the niqab will pit ideal of a secular state against the guarantee of religious freedom.† The Globe and Mail (July 7, 2009 Tuesday), 1 Isabelle Rorive â€Å"Religious Symbols in the Public Space: the search for a European answer† Cardozo Law Review 30, No. 6, (2009), 2673 Solihu, 29 Matthew Saltmarsh. French panel stops short of total ban on full veil; Deputies recommend excluding Muslim garb in public facilities. International Herald Tribune (January 27, 2010), 1 This research paper on Islam in France was written and submitted by user Jacey R. to help you with your own studies. 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