Mans Relationship with Nature in Hughes and Wordsworths Poetry Essay

Mans Relationship with Nature in Hughes and Wordsworths PoetryConcentrating on one Poem by each Poet, analyse and Contrast the dashsin which Hughes and Wordsworth Present Mans Relationship with NatureBoth Hughes and Wordsworth have beliefs about mans relationship with spirit, but I feel that they see the relationship surrounded by the devil indifferent ways. Hughes has a more pessimistic and negative approach,feeling that nature moldiness protect herself from mans destructivenature, while Wordsworth believes that nature is a teacher andnurtures you. Wordsworth uses a more optimistic and positive approachin his poetry. Wordsworth sees nature in a romantic and spiritualsense that protects and is constantly feeding and inspiring mans mindand helping it to grow. On the other blow over Hughes sees man asinterfering and destructive towards nature and is excluded from itsharmony. Hughes personality is much more complicated and hard to dealwith, so to speak, than Wordsworths this is re flected in his bearing towards nature because he thinks that nature is a violent andbrutal enemy towards man and even itself. From this you can tell thathe is kinda a broody and depressive man. I have chosen to comp beWork and Play by Hughes and by Wordsworth I have chosenExpostulation and Reply and The Tables Turned which are poems onthe same subject but The Tables Turned is set later on in the dayand is the Companion-Piece to Expostulation and Reply. I chose tostudy these two poems because I think that it is very interesting howthe beliefs of Hughes and Wordsworth are presented, showing that theyboth have an admiration for the beauty of nature and its power, andhow Hughes believes that in comparison m... ... the relationship between man andnature. This is because Wordsworth lived in a period in time that wascalled the romantic era, this is reflected in his views and the wayshe writes as a poet. Whereas Hughes who lived in the 20th century, hadquite different views about mans re lationship with nature. I thinkthat this is because the period of time that you live in influencesyou very heavily in the way you write or express anything. This isbecause public attitudes change along with what is accepted and whatis not, or what the public will find most popular. I think that ifHughes had lived in Wordsworths time his style of writing would nothave been as popular as it is today, this is because Hughes style ofwriting has a more dramatic and mysterious edge to it whilst Wordsworthspoetry is more romantic so to speak and has a gentler way of puttingthings.

Is Translations about Language or Politics? Essay -- English Literatur

Is Translations to the highest degree Language or politics?Friel famously said of Translations, it is to the highest degree run-in and yetlanguage. However, the political statement which Friel denies neednot be active, but passive, as seeking an understanding of thesituation must consider politics, only Friel actively avoidspolitical comment perhaps due to the volatile situation in the 1980swhen the play was first put on.D.H. Lawrence famously said, Never imprecate the teller, trust the taleand with that in mind, I wish to explore the reasons why audiences andreaders may perceive translations as a political play.The action of the play all over three acts shows the profoundly disturbinginfluence of the English domination over the Baile Beag community andits life. Lenin once said, politics is who whom considering who actsand who is acted upon. Exploring politics from this point of view, oneis easily fitted to perceive the numerous political aspects of the play.One such clearly political aspect of the play is the colonial forcearriving from England. A movement of armies from one rustic toanother, is a clearly political act, a gesture, to indicate apresence as was Doaltys movement of the Theodolyte.On the other hand, if the play is about language (as Friel says) thenperhaps it is about language on two levels. On the one hand itconsiders language on an international level (for example, the Irishand English languages) whilst on the other it considers language on aninterpersonal level, the way perhaps we interpret between privaciesor our choice of individual words in our speech.There are numerous ways in which one may consider the play to be aboutnational language. Many would consider language as ... ...haracters acting as a mouthpiece forFriels political points of view, and because of this, I believeFriels play must concern politics to around degree.In conclusion I believe Friel is telling a half-truth, when he saysthe play is about language and only lang uage. This is true insofaras the only issue the play is directly and aggressively considering isthe importance of language. However, I believe Friel knew all to wellthat anyone watching of reading the play would have to considerpolitics, at least on a social level, in order to fully understand theimportance of the social and national issues in the play. Therefore,Friels play is uncomplete a play solely about language (as he asserts)or solely about politics the two are inextricably linked release uswith a socio-political play which emphasizes the importance oflanguage as a political tool.

Essay --

This paper discusses Adam Smiths and David Ricardos view on the churn opening of value. It includes a discussion of the validity of the arguments they present in nonification to social and Economic contexts. To the pursuance of this objective, the paper has explored five published articles available both in the internet and as hand copies. The labor theory of mass supposes that the value of trade good comprises of the labor used in its production. Goods that consume equal measuring stick of time should have the same cost. Adam smith stipulates that the amount of labor used in production of a commodity determines its transmute value in primitive society however, this change in an advanced society since the exchange value includes the loot for the owner of capital. Ricardo argued that the value of a commodity is proportional to the amount of manual and mechanized labor used to produce it. Labor theory of value stipulates that the amount of labor needed and used in producti on of such commodity determines the value of a commodity. Other factors of production do not determine the value of a commodity except those factors that have labor elements. Adam Smith and David Ricardo are associated with the labor theory of conduct. The Value in this regards refers to the amount of labor required in production of commodities. The Adam Smith theory of value asserts that a commodity worth is equal to the amount of labor it commands in others. This includes value in trade and value in use. Value in use refers to the utility of a commodity while the value in trade refers to the price in exchange of another commodity. Smith established that labor is the real measure of the price of all commodities. Some opponents of the labor theory of ... ...th bantam fixed capital, short life capital or with raw materials that have high turnover. Adam smith argues that the amount of labor used in production of a commodity determines its exchange value in a primitive society how ever, this changes in an advanced society where the exchange value now includes the profit for the owner of capital.Ricardos theory is different from Smiths theory by excluding rent from the costs of production. Ricardo argues against Smiths theory because it only applies when wage is proportional to the amount of production resembling to the amount of labor commanded and embodied. However, prices of commodities changes over time due to application of new production techniques this leads to the increase of commodity prices over time. Ricardo points out that the value of a commodity is only equal to its cost of production in the long run.

A Comparison of Death Of A Salesman and Hamlet :: comparison compare contrast essays

A Comparison of Death Of A Salesman and critical point         Willy Loman and Hamlet, two characters so alike, though different.  Both are hone examples of tragedy in literature, though for separate reasons and by distinct methods.  The definition of a tragedy, in a nutshell, states that for a character to be considered tragic, he/she mustiness be of high moral estate, fall to a level of catastrophe, induce sympathy and horror in the audience, and usually die, and in doing so, re-establish order in the society.  Hamlet follows this to a T. Death of a Salesman does not fall within these set guidelines but is still considered tragic for reasons, though different, somewhat parallel those of Hamlets.         Hamlet, a rich young price of high moral estate suddenly has his joyous life ripped away from him when his father, Hamlet Sr., suddenly passes away. Though originally design to be of natural causes, it is la ter revealed to him through his fathers ghost, that dear old dad was murdered by his Step-Father, and also his Uncle, Claudius. Vowing revenge upon his Uncle/Dad, Hamlet begins to mentally falter and eventually, is in such a wild rage that he accidentally kills Polonious believing him to be his father. Hilarity ensues.         Ophelia, Hamlets love interest, commits suicide/dies (thats up for debate elsewhere) after spillage slightly mad from the impact of her fathers death, then Laertes, Polonius son, arrives on the scene enraged and ready to kill Hamlet for what hes done, and  just when you thought things couldnt get any worse, unbeknown to Hamlet, Claudius has been plotting to kill him.  Talk about your bad days.         A duel takes place between Hamlet and Laertes where Laertes, using a poison-tipped sword, cuts Hamlet, thus giving way for his impend death. Hamlet eventually gets hold of the sword and kills L aertes, then kills King Claudius.  Just as the play ends, Hamlet takes his last breath of air, appoints Fortinbras Jr. as the immature King of Denmark, and dies.         In Death of a Salesman, Willy Loman, a salesman who believed himself to be a powerful man, has his life unravel before him as he loses his job, his sanity and the esteem of those around him.

How Does Chaucer Present The Miller To Become Such A Vivid And Vibrant

How Does Chaucer Present The Miller To Become Such A brainy And VibrantCharacter?The Canterbury Tales is a selection of stories written in MiddleEnglish. On a spring day in April sometime in the fourteenth century 29pilgrims (including Chaucer as a character 30) set out for Canterburyon a pilgrimage.Among them is a knight, a monk, a prioress, two nuns, the friar, thesquire, the yeoman, the merchant, a clerk, a sergeant of the law, awealthy landowner, a doctor, the married woman of Bath, a supplier, the reeve,a somonour, a pardoner, Harry Bailey (the host), Chaucer himself, ahaberdasher, a carpenter, a weaver, a tapis maker, a dyere, a cook,a shipman, a poor parson, a plowman, and a miller. To entertainthemselves they decide to tell a tale each on the centering and another onthe way back. They all start there journey at The Tabard an inn orpub.The miller is categorised as lower sectionalisation and his character whentelling this tarradiddle is exceedingly drunk.The millers tale is about an Oxford student called Nicholas who liveswith an old wealthy carpenter and his young attractive wife calledAlisoun. The carpenter keeps a close eye on her.One day Nicholas decides to try it on with Alisoun without muchresistance on the agreement of secrecy Alisoun agrees.In the church a parish clerk called Absolon falls in love withAlisoun. He tries to woo her over by giving her presents and money. AsNicholas lives in the same home as Alisoun she isnt interested inAbsolon.Nicholas hatches a plan to get rid of the carpenter therefore he canspend the night with Alisoun without disturbances. Nicholas pretendsto be ill and stays in his room for two days. The servant reports tothe carpenter that Nicholas i... ...uch as the knight would have had a much higher standard oftalk speech, which is another contrast between the knight andmillers tale. It is also written as a poem in rhyming couplets, whichI moot keeps the story lively with continuity.In conclusion, Chaucer presents the miller to be a vivid and vibrantcharacter by mainly imagery and colours. Chaucer is clear on hisdescriptions and gives flimsy detail on his character. Chaucerhopes that the physical appearance of the miller will reflect themiller as a person as well. Chaucer relies on symbolism and similes to disclose the millers character to us therefore Chaucer does not haveto make a direct opinion of him. This keeps him as a neutral storyteller, but another benefit of this is that the audience cannot holdChaucer responsible for the millers tale as he is merely a neutralmessenger.

How Does Chaucer Present The Miller To Become Such A Vivid And Vibrant

How Does Chaucer Present The Miller To Become Such A Vivid And VibrantCharacter?The Canterbury Tales is a selection of stories written in MiddleEnglish. On a spring day in April sometime in the 14th century 29pilgrims (including Chaucer as a reputation 30) set out for Canterburyon a pilgrimage.Among them is a knight, a monk, a prioress, two nuns, the friar, thesquire, the yeoman, the merchant, a work, a sergeant of the law, awealthy landowner, a doctor, the wife of Bath, a supplier, the reeve,a somonour, a pardoner, Harry Bailey (the host), Chaucer himself, ahaberdasher, a carpenter, a weaver, a tapestry maker, a dyere, a cook,a shipman, a poor parson, a plowman, and a miller. To entertainthemselves they decide to tell a tale each on the elbow room and another onthe way back. They all start there journey at The Tabard an inn orpub.The miller is categorised as lower class and his character whentelling this bill is exceedingly drunk.The millers tale is about an Oxford student calle d Nicholas who liveswith an old wealthy carpenter and his young attractive wife calledAlisoun. The carpenter keeps a cobblers last eye on her.One day Nicholas decides to try it on with Alisoun without muchresistance on the agreement of secrecy Alisoun agrees.In the church a parish clerk called Absolon falls in love withAlisoun. He tries to woo her over by giving her presents and money. AsNicholas lives in the same house as Alisoun she isnt enkindle inAbsolon.Nicholas hatches a plan to get rid of the carpenter therefore he canspend the night with Alisoun without disturbances. Nicholas pretendsto be ill and stays in his room for two days. The servant reports tothe carpenter that Nicholas i... ...uch as the knight would have had a much higher standard ofspoken speech, which is another contrast amidst the knight andmillers tale. It is also written as a poem in rhyming couplets, whichI believe keeps the story lively with continuity.In conclusion, Chaucer presents the miller to be a vi vid and vibrantcharacter by mainly imagery and colours. Chaucer is clear on hisdescriptions and gives incredible detail on his character. Chaucerhopes that the corporeal appearance of the miller will reflect themiller as a person as well. Chaucer relies on symbolism and similes toreveal the millers character to us therefore Chaucer does not haveto make a direct opinion of him. This keeps him as a neutral storyteller, but another get of this is that the audience cannot holdChaucer responsible for the millers tale as he is merely a neutralmessenger.

Cleanliness

There were so many spot that got share of clay. For example, we fire thither so many scummy part from the first condemnation we go in. Like the spot near the connecting door, on that point were so many dust there. Maybe rheum hotel can emend their pluckliness by checking their staff work afterward they finish their work or change their equipment into more modern hotshot to make the room more plunderer. Be make up to both(prenominal) person who have allergic in dust, they get out not satisfied stay in genus genus genus genus Rheum Hotel.Under the can there were also some feculent yellow spot that we approached. We suggest that Rheum Hotel should more notice the unseen part such as box of the room or basins under so that the knobs will stay pleasantly. The window in the room is also dirty. We found some finger print there and oil-dust spot there. Our suggestion is Rheum Hotel should fabricate worry to the little intimacys of their rooms akin window because raze a little things can drop run through their mark in guests view. Another thing that we saw on the first time we arrived at Rheum is on the table, there was a drink use spot.This is proved that Rheum Hotel really dont spirit their pickliness because even in the seen spot they dont header their cleanliness. Inside the refrigerator we Olson assess that Rheum Hotel hardly ever clean it because refrigerator should be the most clean spot because it is a spot were the guest usually put their food. How can the place where you place your food incur so dirty? In conclusion, we promise that Rheum Hotel will pay attention to their cleanliness because as a guest we really disappointed to their cleanliness aspects as there were so many spot that got particle of dust and unclean spot.So that we suggest Rheum Hotel to mind their cleanliness by upgrade their tool and equipment to the new one to clean guests rooms or maybe Rheum can employ the internship students so they will work hardly because in ternship is part of their graduate mark. SERVICE consort to us, Rheum Hotels service is not really strong because they claims that they are a dress shop hotel moreover in fact they service is far from what boutique hotel required. Usually, boutique hotel services are often individual and rivet on offering their services in a comfortable, intimate, and welcoming setting.We disappointed because Rheum Hotel didnt give us a services as we expected. The staff didnt even sent us to the room or explain how to use our room card in the lift to top our room. One of the most important chemical element that boutique hotel should have is the staff of boutique hotel should have sense of predict what the guests need or want. The staff should recognize in advance the needs and the requirements of the guests than clean responding it when the guests ask. From our experience, even we have ask they didnt do it. For example, we want 1 more extra body towel and 1 more extra towel cause there was 3 of us in the room.But check-out time we didnt get the towels that we asked. We also disappointed to the way Rheum Hotel hardened us. We are student in Tailors University so our expectation of Rheum Hotel is quite high. They handle us just as a students but not as a guest in the hotel. According to our complaint, we suggest that Rheum Hotel can employ more professional staff so Rheum Hotel can ameliorate their services to the guest. Whether they can Just ask their current staff to be a better staff of boutique hotel as they claim they are.CleanlinessThere were so many spot that got particle of dust. For example, we approach there so many unclean part from the first time we go in. Like the spot near the connecting door, there were so many dust there. Maybe rheum hotel can improve their cleanliness by checking their staff work after they finish their work or change their equipment into more modern one to make the room more cleaner. Because to some person who have allergic in dust , they will not satisfied stay in Rheum Hotel.Under the basin there were also some unclean yellow spot that we approached. We suggest that Rheum Hotel should more notice the unseen part such as corner of the room or basins under so that the guests will stay pleasantly. The window in the room is also dirty. We found some finger print there and oil-dust spot there. Our suggestion is Rheum Hotel should pay attention to the little things of their rooms like window because even a little things can drop down their mark in guests view. Another thing that we saw on the first time we arrived at Rheum is on the table, there was a drink used spot.This is proved that Rheum Hotel really dont mind their cleanliness because even in the seen spot they dont mind their cleanliness. Inside the refrigerator we Olson assess that Rheum Hotel hardly ever clean it because refrigerator should be the most clean spot because it is a spot were the guest usually put their food. How can the place where you place your food become so dirty? In conclusion, we hope that Rheum Hotel will pay attention to their cleanliness because as a guest we really disappointed to their cleanliness aspects as there were so many spot that got particle of dust and unclean spot.So that we suggest Rheum Hotel to mind their cleanliness by upgrade their tool and equipment to the new one to clean guests rooms or maybe Rheum can employ the internship students so they will work hardly because internship is part of their graduate mark. SERVICE According to us, Rheum Hotels services is not really satisfying because they claims that they are a boutique hotel but in fact they service is far from what boutique hotel required. Usually, boutique hotel services are often individual and focused on offering their services in a comfortable, intimate, and welcoming setting.We disappointed because Rheum Hotel didnt give us a services as we expected. The staff didnt even sent us to the room or explain how to use our room card in th e lift to reach our room. One of the most important factor that boutique hotel should have is the staff of boutique hotel should have sense of predict what the guests need or want. The staff should know in advance the needs and the requirements of the guests than Just responding it when the guests ask. From our experience, even we have ask they didnt do it. For example, we want 1 more extra body towel and 1 more extra towel cause there was 3 of us in the room.But check-out time we didnt get the towels that we asked. We also disappointed to the way Rheum Hotel treated us. We are student in Tailors University so our expectation of Rheum Hotel is quite high. They treated us just as a students but not as a guest in the hotel. According to our complaint, we suggest that Rheum Hotel can employ more professional staff so Rheum Hotel can improve their services to the guest. Whether they can Just train their current staff to be a better staff of boutique hotel as they claim they are.Cleanlin essThere were so many spot that got particle of dust. For example, we approach there so many unclean part from the first time we go in. Like the spot near the connecting door, there were so many dust there. Maybe rheum hotel can improve their cleanliness by checking their staff work after they finish their work or change their equipment into more modern one to make the room more cleaner. Because to some person who have allergic in dust, they will not satisfied stay in Rheum Hotel.Under the basin there were also some unclean yellow spot that we approached. We suggest that Rheum Hotel should more notice the unseen part such as corner of the room or basins under so that the guests will stay pleasantly. The window in the room is also dirty. We found some finger print there and oil-dust spot there. Our suggestion is Rheum Hotel should pay attention to the little things of their rooms like window because even a little things can drop down their mark in guests view. Another thing that we s aw on the first time we arrived at Rheum is on the table, there was a drink used spot.This is proved that Rheum Hotel really dont mind their cleanliness because even in the seen spot they dont mind their cleanliness. Inside the refrigerator we Olson assess that Rheum Hotel hardly ever clean it because refrigerator should be the most clean spot because it is a spot were the guest usually put their food. How can the place where you place your food become so dirty? In conclusion, we hope that Rheum Hotel will pay attention to their cleanliness because as a guest we really disappointed to their cleanliness aspects as there were so many spot that got particle of dust and unclean spot.So that we suggest Rheum Hotel to mind their cleanliness by upgrade their tool and equipment to the new one to clean guests rooms or maybe Rheum can employ the internship students so they will work hardly because internship is part of their graduate mark. SERVICE According to us, Rheum Hotels services is not really satisfying because they claims that they are a boutique hotel but in fact they service is far from what boutique hotel required. Usually, boutique hotel services are often individual and focused on offering their services in a comfortable, intimate, and welcoming setting.We disappointed because Rheum Hotel didnt give us a services as we expected. The staff didnt even sent us to the room or explain how to use our room card in the lift to reach our room. One of the most important factor that boutique hotel should have is the staff of boutique hotel should have sense of predict what the guests need or want. The staff should know in advance the needs and the requirements of the guests than Just responding it when the guests ask. From our experience, even we have ask they didnt do it. For example, we want 1 more extra body towel and 1 more extra towel cause there was 3 of us in the room.But check-out time we didnt get the towels that we asked. We also disappointed to the way Rheu m Hotel treated us. We are student in Tailors University so our expectation of Rheum Hotel is quite high. They treated us just as a students but not as a guest in the hotel. According to our complaint, we suggest that Rheum Hotel can employ more professional staff so Rheum Hotel can improve their services to the guest. Whether they can Just train their current staff to be a better staff of boutique hotel as they claim they are.

Analysis and Comparison of Iranian and American Management; the Cultural Dimensions and Values Essay

This report is aimed to represent a brief description of the Iranian solicitude determine today and compare the results with a authentic country like Unites distinguish. First it leave behind give a description of almost of the characteristics of Iran management and kitchen-gardening, then it is tried to categorize these characteristic base on Hofstedes Dimensions (1980) (power distance, avoiding indecision, masculinity/femininity, individualism/collectivism) and Flowers dimensions, Flower 1975, (tribalistic, egocentric, conformist, artful, sociocentric, existential).In the next step will be presenting of relative information about unify State and at the end the comparison between the results. Most parts of this report is focused on Iran management. IRAN The name Iran was used as early as the third century BC by a ruler who described his empire as Iran-shahr and himself as the King of Kings. The country is steeply diverse from e truly point of view, especially in topogr aphy and climate. The population of Iran is estimated at some 70 million, 12 million of which live in the capital Tehran and its suburbs.The official expression of Iran is Persian (Farsi) which is an Indo-European language derived from Sanskrit. The country has one of the worlds most diverse ethnic groups ever assembled in one country Persian (56 per cent), Turk (Azari) (24 per cent), Gilaki (8 per cent), Kurd (8 per cent), Lur, Baluch, Arab and Turkaman. The religious groups are Shiite Muslim, Sunni Muslim, Zoroastrian, Jewish, Christian and Bahaii. At the present, Iran is an Islamic republic, ruled according to a constitution providing for executive, legislative and judicial branches.The political system comprises both elective and un-elected institutions. Irans economy is a mixture of central planning, state ownership of oil, big(a) enterprises, village agriculture, small-scale private trading and service ventures. All large industries and the majority of medium-scale enterpr ises are run by the public institutions particularly the foundations which were set up during the novelty. These entities own some 20 per cent of the countrys assets, and establish 10 per cent of GDP (Khajehpour, 2000), however, they are generally mismanaged. Management in IranIranian management today is interesting firstly because the country is slowly inauguration up to the West after two decades of ignorance on the part of Westerners as to sides of life in Iran other than the political and religious aspects. Up till quite an recently, the political discourse was dominated by the belligerent official language and delineations of mobs demonstrating in the streets against the devils in the West. Now after twenty years of pure(a) clerical regime, the reform movement is gradually gaining momentum, especially among young people who have not known life before the Revolution.Secondly Iranian management is interesting because most people confound Iranians with Arabs, believing that what they learn about Arab countries is also valid for Iran, and this obviously is a misunderstanding. We begin our discussion with bringing some insights into Iranian society and its culture. Based on Hofstedes findings (1980) Iran is classified in near Eastern cluster including Turkey and Greece. A more than than recent look into found that Iran is part of the South Asian ethnical cluster consisting of such countries as India, Thailand and Malaysia (Javidan and Dastmalchian, 2003).For a newcomer these findings may seem very different from the image of Iran as a predominant Islamic/Middle-Eastern country which is often confused with its neighbours. The point is that as a country situated in the Middle East, Iran has many another(prenominal) prevalentalities with its neighbour Muslim countries however, due to its unique historical, linguistic and racial identities it has a different and unique culture. Collectivism A very fundamental issue in every society is the priority give n to interests of individuals versus those of collectivity.Hofstede (1980) views an individualistic society as one in which beliefs and behaviours are determined by the individual whereas in a collectivistic society the attitudes are determined by loyalty towards ones group. The manifestations of collectivism and loving net on the job(p) are very common in Iranian management. Personal connections and informal channels seem more practical, whereas formal systems, official institutions and procedures are considered less efficient and even bothering. As a direct result, Iranian society tends to perate rather on the basis of personal familys among people, than on the basis of impersonal and mechanised institutions.The use of informal channels may imply change shape rules and taking advantages to which one is not formally entitled. The popular Persian term for this practice and other forms of nepotism and favouritism is Partibazi, which is a common practice in Iranian organizations. F or instance, it would not be unusual for Iranian managers to hire a relative or acquaintance for a job vacancy, even though they could easily call a more competent but unknown worker.Collectivism has also a significant influence on the intercourse. An final result of collectivism is the implicit and high-context communication in Iranian culture. Iranians from an early age learn to be careful about what they say and are advised to use an indirect language for expressing their intentions (Javidan and Dastmalchian, 2003). Persian language and literature are full of nuances and metaphors which should be interpreted in their context and cannot be harborn at face value.A particular and very common form of indirect language in Iranian culture is Taarof which can be translated literally as politeness, but has a much more profound significance. In fact, Taarof implies a wide range of complicated and highly polite expressions/behaviours, which should not be interpreted literally. This k ind of context-bound communication is very common in Iranian organizations in both written and oral forms. Power distance This taste concerns the extent to which the less powerful members of a society take over and accept that power is distributed unequally.This orientation concerns the extent to which the less powerful members of a society expect and accept that power is distributed unequally. Results from Yeganeh and Zhan(2007) about hierarchy reflect the high degree of hierarchical distance among Iranian managers. Hofstede (1980) considers these characteristic as power distance in his research. The antecedents of this high hierarchical distance are deeply grow in many aspects of Iranian mythology, history, politics, religion and family structure. Manifestations of high degree of hierarchical distance are various and numerous in Iranian management.A very clear example is the over-centralization of the capital Tehran. Despite the diversity and largeness of country, all administr ative bodies and decision-makings are concentrated in the capital and other provinces should obey the resolutions. another(prenominal) examples include top-down management, authoritarian decision-making (Javidan and Dastmalchian, 2003) and hierarchical structure of reward systems. For instance, there is considerable gap between compensation packages intended for people working at the top of organization and those working at entry levels.Managers consider it normal that people at higher levels have more privileges than those at lower levels. An outcome of hierarchical distance, combined with effects of collectivism and family-orientation is the dominance of paternalism in Iranian organizations, which is encouraged also by Islamic virtues. Schramm-Nielsen and Faradonbeh (2002) reported that Iranian employees expected superiors to uphold them in a variety of issues such as financial problems, wedding expenses, purchasing of new homes, illness in the family, education of children and even marital disputes.Past-orientation Results from Yeganeh and Zhan (2007) quest Iranian managers tend to be past- rather than future-oriented. The orientation toward past may be crystallized in honouring indigenous managerial styles and their underlying foundations. After the revolution of 1979, there was much emphasis on substitution of modern/western management by traditional/Islamic work-related principles. Therefore, Iranian executives were urged to realign their managerial styles and practices to religious, social and political values of revolutionary ideology.Not surprisingly, most of these managerial styles were not based on rationality and progress, but on old-fashioned and obsolete views which were not efficient and practical. The past orientation can be manifested also in terms of neglecting plans or setting short-time horizon and also relative high uncertainty evasion. High uncertainty avoidance means that members of the society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity and thus support beliefs that promise certainty and conformity. Activity orientation (being versus doing)According to Yeganeh and Zhan(2007) , Activity Orientation corresponds to masculinity dimension as described by Hofstede (1980). It is argued that in a Doing culture, people tend to view work activities as core to their existence, and they attach much importance to achievement and labored work. In contrast, in Being cultures peace of mind is cherished and emphasis is placed on immediate and unplanned actions. In reality, it is possible to witness demonstration of both Being and Doing orientations in Iranian society.For instance, a good deal of Persian literature is devoted to peace of mind, pleasure and frugality. Moreover, affected by Islamic culture, Iranians tend to view the world as an ephemeral step which does not worth hard work and which should be considered as a transitional phase toward eternal life and salvation. While these manifestations correspond to Bein g orientation, Iranians are known also for masculine qualities such as individual achiever (Javidan and Dastmalchian, 2003), militant, hard-working and efficient. BargainingWhereas doing business always means trying to negotiate the best deal in terms of price and related conditions anywhere in the world, this does not normally in the Western world extend to everyday little purchases. The bargaining represents a tradition that goes plunk for thousands of years. According to this tradition the choice of dealer or business relation is an important one. The tradition is also that you bargain with your usual suppliers. The Western custom of shop around for the best price and the best conditions is not well accepted.The obvious reason is that it breaks with the golden rule of trust. It takes time to build up a relationship based on trust, and so you need to have a long-term strategy and a lot of patience. Uncertainty avoidance High uncertainty avoidance means that members of a society feel uncomfortable with uncertainty and ambiguity and thus support beliefs that promise certainty and conformity (Daft 2003). According to Ali and Amirshahi (2002) results, the primary values of Iranian Managers are conformist.Flowers dimensions Based on a research by Alishahi (2002) which was conducted through istributing twenty-two hundred questionnaires to a random assay of Iranian managers, the primary values of Iranian managers are conformist, sociocentric. Indeed, the outer-directed values (conformist, sociocentric, and tribalistic) are relatively dominant. This result may have its roots in the political and cultural reality. Since the Islamic revolution, Islamic values have been propagated. The emphasis has been on achievement and human dignity and on societal causes, rather than on personal fabric gains, in alleviating internal problems.Both dimensions reinforce conformity and sociocentric attitudes without discounting the existential outlook and personal growth. The Islam ic regime constantly reminds the public about the outside affright and the need to sacrifice personal gains for the sake of society. In addition, the core philosophy of the regime is that the poor and unfortunate segments of the society must have access to political and sparing opportunities. It should be mentioned too that the current Islamic regime condones both conformity and sociocentric outlooks.In an era of transition, managers may seek to avoid uncertainty by going along with the public pronouncements of the regime. Nevertheless, certain values differ across some variables, such as size of organization, ownership, managerial position, and fathers occupation. For example, manipulative managers were found in larger organizations and in the private sector. A typical manipulative manager relies on building a network of friends and supporters, and on careful political manoeuvres. Large corporations in Iran were public or had been internalized after the revolution.Both have expe rienced profound restructuring in terms of power distribution and economic partnership. Perhaps this situation created opportunities for a new allegiance to seize power and gain influence. Sociocentric value is found among lower-level managers and those with peasant, working class, and clergy origins. Those with working and lower class origins, therefore, may have developed an awareness of the enormous social differences, and may nurture the feeling of belonging to social classes that have little or nothing in common with upper social classes.Perhaps this in turn creates a commitment to humanistic and community causes and strengthens the desire for a just society. United State management American culture is characterized by high individualism with loosely knit social frameworks. In individualistic societies, people are supposed to take care of themselves and their immediate families. Since individualism is high in the United States, work and accomplishments are viewed as person-cent red. Thus, issues of individual meritocracy and perceptions of fairness are likely to be more pronounced among American employees.Materialism, according to Abdu K. (2004), conveys the idea that being affluent, prosperous and rich should be encouraged and suggests that a certain product or service will make the user well off. However, the simplistic approach, like in the USA, conveys the just enough idea, which emphasizes ego needs and self-actualization, rather than just material comfort. Pluralism refers to the degree to which national culture fosters simultaneous coexistence of different ethnic groups with strong identities.In a low pluralism culture, minority groups are completely inattentive by the dominant culture. The minority groups either completely replace their identities with those of the dominant culture, or retain weaker cultural linkages with the dominant cultural group. High pluralism on the other hand characterizes simultaneous coexistence of diverse ethnic groups with strong identities. Both Iranian and American culture is non-pluralistic or ethnocentric. Ethnocentrism means that people have a tendency to regard their own culture as superior and to downgrade other cultures.In both countries cultural differences are unified into a coherent, universal work culture. Diverse groups are absorbed into the mainstream work culture to create uniform work norms, beliefs and values. In such a non-pluralistic culture, minority communities have weak identities and legitimacy. Thus, the in-groupout-group ideology may not be as prominent in non-pluralistic cultures as in pluralistic culture. Rather than compete with minority cultures, the dominant culture aims at absorbing the minority cultures.Ethnocentrism inwardly a country makes it difficult for foreign firms to operate. Based on a research by Alishahi (2002), prevailing dominant values in the U. S. are, (egocentric, manipulative, and existential 60% inner-directed). United state is characterized by l ow power distance a relatively high tolerance for uncertainty and emphasizes shared power and authority, with team members working on a variety of problems without formal guidelines, rules, and structure. Many workers in Iran expect organizations to be hierarchy.

Evaluation of Security Considerations in the Design of Public Buildings in Abuja

AN Evaluation OF SECURITY CONSIDERATIONS IN THE DESIGN OF PUBLIC BUILDINGS IN ABUJA foundation garmentThe primary intent of buildings is to supply residents with contributing, safe, comfy, healthy and secured indoor environment to transport out different sorts of activities runing from work, survey, leisure, concern and household life to societal interactions. ( Olagide and Bello 2007 ) .Benjamin and Lawrence, 2007 mention that in order to accomplish this intent, edifices argon designed, planned, constructed and managed based on standard specifications established by governments professionals and experts who ar supposed to hold catch cognition of users demands and outlooks, among others. ( Webster, 1966 ) , nation that protective cover is the province of feeling of being free from fright and danger or the riddance of jeopardises. Security is matchless of the basic demands of humanity. Human security is round screening persons and communities from any signifier of force or ri sk. Human security sought to foreground new concerns about planetary security and needs to turn to a menace to human life. ( Ogboi and Eze, 2013 ) .Harmonizing to ( Gilbert et al. ( 2003 ) as cited by Benjamin and Lawrence 2007 Terrorist onslaughts as a menace to edifices argon a menace that most design codifications have non addressed in the yesteryear, and which have clearly choke more of import. ( Benjamin and Lawrence, 2007 ) opines that particularly for certain types of edifices. These has become an issue that cause fright, anxiousness and concern in the heads of the populace. As edifice codifications are bing for the benefit and protection of the populace and belongingss, it seems sensible that codifications should be taken into autobiography the perceptual experiences and frights of the general populace when planing for whole jeopardies, including terrorist menaces.Prince philips, ( 2010 ) states that the security breach by the terrorist group at the force central offic e and the united states office in capital of Nigeria in 2011 had thrown up assorted security issues and brought about frights in the head of populaces.Aziza, ( 2011 ) , noted that overt edifices in Nigeria today seems to hold been the focal point of terrorist onslaught. Building security and safety took on new intending on September 11, 2001. Unprecedented terrorist actions that twenty-four hours at the universe trade centre in New York City and the Pentagon in Washington. DC, made edifice proprietors and users think as they had neer thought before about secure and safe, they are-or arent-in the edifices they use every twenty-four hours. ( Anderson, 2008, as was cited by Muhammad, and Asmau S, 2012 . Architects, applied scientists, security and engineering advisers define the architects function in the relationship between security and edifice design.Aziza, ( 2011 ) . noted that constructing security statuss is non merely about put ining the latest electronic cogwheel and packa ge bundle. Nor is it merely a consideration for constructing types with extremely specific tenancy considerations. Increasingly, edifices of all kinds are campaigners for the sort of maintenanceful security preparedness that proceeds hand-in-hand with the architectural design procedure. To guarantee an appropriate and cost-efficient degree of security, designers need to introduce themselves with the range of mountains of security factors that affect the design.Safety, menaces to edifices are addressed by constructing codifications. By Torahs, designers and other interior decorators must conform to plan and building criterions applicable to the legal force out in which a undertaking is located. Mandated demands in edifice codifications are intended to protect the wellness and safety of edifice residents, firemans, and exigency forces, and to keep the structural unanimity of edifices in the event of fire and other inauspicious status. Although safety menaces relate to security me naces, constructing codifications do non incorporate security demands. Safety menaces, which are un giveed, consequence from innate(p) phenomena ( e.g. Lighting inundations, hurri faeceses and twisters ) or through human carelessness and ignorance ( e.g. Improper usage, accidents, equipment failure, and system defects ) . Security menaces are knowing and originate in human actions. Angry persons, vandals, felons, and terrorists mountain transport out knowing menaces. However, heather menaces are knowing or unwilled, they may hold similar results, runing from nuisances to catastrophes of the major graduated table ( got from security and planning in the design ) .Nimma, ( 2007 ) . Stressed that with the recent rush in panic onslaughts comes the demand to reconsider edifice design considerations to safeguard lives and belongings and minimise infer and chance of onslaught. The easiness at which security was beaten at the United Nations edifice in Abuja raise new inquiries as to the r ightness of the total composite in position of its position. Granted the edifice exhibited resilient structural unity in defying impact, it ought to be more hard to hedge security. ( Fatima, 2004 ) opines that the bombardment of Lois Edet house-Nigerias constabulary central office was besides an indicant that todays design security considerations are clearly unequal. The undermentioned anti-terror constructing design considerations are recommended for composites that can be marks for panic onslaughts. There is the demand to procure edifices in Nigeria.Since the September 11, 2011 panic onslaughts in the United States, the demand to forestall or react to Acts of the Apostless of panic has radically transformed the policing and security landscape of states. This is frequently marked by the passage of new statute law, creative activity of new security bureaus or sections, furthering inter-agency intelligence sharing and engineering proviso of new resources, development of engineering s, and intensification of bilateral and multi-lateral cooperation on policing and security. In many legal powers, nevertheless, these steps have been taken at the disbursal of cultivating the people and communities in affected parts whose support and partnerships are important in geting actionable intelligence against terrorist menaces and reacting efficaciously to the threat. Nigeria is unluckily no exclusion.PROBLEM STATEMENTThe job of insecurity is now a major tendency all over the Earth. Insecurity affects human life and being, the construct of insecurity has normally been ascribed different readings in association with the assorted ways which it affects persons. Security considerations remain its values for investing safety.The frequence of terrorist onslaught on edifice constructions in Nigeria in the past few old ages had become really alarming and unreassuring. some lives and belongingss have been lost in the prostration of edifices largely in Abuja. Many belongings proprie tors have developed high blood force per unit area and some have been sent to an early grave. ( Ogboi and Eze, 2013 ) .Beland ( 2005 ) , defines insecurity as the province of fright or anxiousness stemming from a concrete or alleged deficiency of protection . It refers to miss or inadequate freedom from danger. This definition reflects carnal insecurity which is the most seeable signifier of insecurity, and it feeds into many other signifiers of insecurity such as economic security and societal security.AIM AND OBJECTIVESThe primary single-valued function of this research is to rating of security considerations in the design of public edifice. The specific aims of this research is to execute the followersTo place and judge assorted security considerations in care schemes adopted for public edifices To find the effectivity for security considerations in public edifices To measure the degree of security challenge in public edifices To measure and measure the relevancy of security c onsideration in public edifices in Abuja RESEARCH QUESTIONSWhat are the considerations for following and care schemes for public edifices?How effectual is the security consideration in public edifices?What is the degree of security challenges in public edifices?What extend is the degree of security challenges in public edifices?What is the relevancy of security considerations in public edifices in Abuja?Boundary lineThe range of this research is focused on security considerations in the design of public edifices in Abuja.The position of Abuja as the capital metropolis of Nigeria means the metropolis is traveling to maintain edifice physical constructions and spread outing in range and size. Abuja, Nigerias federal official capital metropolis, is a fast developing one. Abuja has a sprawling and unprecedented population growing, far more than the official figures. This is mostly due to resulting urbanization in the metropolis following the resettlement of the federal capital from Lag os, and to the economic chances that the metropolis seems to offer. This has put tremendous force per unit area on the urban centers substructure, peculiarly lodging, every bit good as other services many authorities constitutions, embassies, international bureaus and several corporate pudding stones are headquartered in Abuja. The metropolis has seen the development of major Constructions of constructions and substructures to run into up with the demands of adjustment for office, residential and recreational infinites. The research is to concentrate on some major edifices, and will ineptly look into the security consideration of cardinal bank of Nigeria and National house of assembly which are both strategic edifices in Abuja Nigeria These are indispensable elements of our economic system and life, and are hence attractive marks to terrorist groups. This research will concentrate on the protective readyings of some public countries, and provides germane(predicate) cultivation to professionals and others who are concerned with these issues. The research will measure the handiness, outside(a) construction, stuffs and internal safety.Significance OF STUDYThis research intends to turn to and make full in some of the spreads that approaches to security of lives and belongingss in developing a agency of safeguarding residents and edifices particularly the causes of terrorist onslaught and demo how to keep effectual security policies.Protecting the residents and contents of a edifice from the consequences in the consequences of a natural or human assault, the concluding end of physical security design is to minimise harm to a edifice and its systems so recovery may be possible. This is, of class, a challenging undertaking because the effects of temblors, windstorms, inundations, and detonations are hard to foretell.Joseph.A, ( 2003 ) believed that the exposures of an bing edifice can be evaluated against a menace analysis for the construction. Methods for retrof itting the edifice to turn to these exposures are so examined. Technology has provided many stuffs and techniques that make it possible, though non ever economical, to protect bing edifices against utmost duress such as bomb harm.MethodologyThe survey adopted a study research techniques, and is supported by Marshall and Rossman ( 1989 ) that aggregation of informations and analysis in a qualitative research is a coincident procedure. Random trying method was adopted for choosing the sample size utilizing a well-structured questionnaire, which was self-administered to the respondents. The secondary informations were sought through a painstaking hunt of different stuffs. The major beginning of information was obtained through literature study of books, studies of dailies and periodicals, authorities publications, conference documents and seminar studies among other. Descriptive analysis was employed to analyze the information gathered which was presented in a narrative. The rationali st position besides known as the scientific method is based on dependable and nonsubjective informations, calculated experiments, trials, every bit good as statistical processs. It derives its strength from the impression that better apprehension of human experience can be gained through experiments and observations, confident(p) position to rating draws fundamentally on the method-based possibility and focal points on developing Methodological model for verifying the internal cogency ( causality ) and external cogency ( generalisation ) of programmes, rating research is focused on the coevals of hypothesis, aggregation of quantitative informations, and utilizing the information to prove hypothesis and besides evolve theory as it is done in scientific experiments.The chief instruments of informations aggregation were interviews, focal point group treatments, questionnaires, reappraisals, observations. Relevant secondary informations, and the rationalist orientation for the researc h. Most importantly hypotheses are developed through the treatment of the conceptual theoretical account and constructivist attack.1

Principles of Environmental Science Essay

Principals of environmental Science Joshua Hammack ENV/100 February 4, 2013 Christopher Bertram Principals of Environmental Science Environmental science is the relationship between the earth and all living things and organisms that pulmonary tuberculosis the earths resources to sustain life. Environmental science is also the ongoing depicted object of the environment and all of its interconnected systems. The style of research performed by environmental scientists is very diverse. Also, environmental science is composed of many components such as geology, physics, brotherly science, meteorology, and biology.Social science looks more at how humans and animals interact within the environment and the effects they have on one another. Environmental scientists try to establish general principles about how the natural world functions. They use these principles to develop viable solutions to environmental problemssolutions that are based as much as workable on scientific knowledge (M. C. , 2009). Technology and science affect the problems and solutions of todays society both positively and negatively.Take for instance the invention of the car by Karl Friedrich Benz in 1885, (Bruno, 1997) while there was a demand for better transportation as people became more sophisticated and wanted to travel further than thinkable on a horse it created a demon for the environment to fight. Today, worldwide there are more than 1 billion passenger vehicles on the roadways, (Tencer, 2011) and with an growing in automobiles comes added pollution from oil, grease, petroleum, and rubber, but not only the cars produce pollution.The manufacturing does equal amounts of damage from steel mills, rubber plants and stamping plants. With growing population these numbers will come out to rise. At the same time the technologies that are contributing to the Worlds pollution problems are also being used to help solve the problem by creating pith necessary to obtain valuable data to aid in t he solution. For example studying marine life in the depths of the ocean would not be possible without using motorboats to reach these remote locations. The double edge sword being that the boat itself pollutes the water.Finding a balance between the neccessity of technology and the over enjoyment of technology is a slippery slope, but it is crucial to the sustainability of the environment. Ecologist Garrett Hardin (19152003) is best known for his 1968 essay The Tragedy of the Commons. In it he contended that our inability to solve complex environmental problems is the result of a struggle between short-term individual welfare and long-term environmental sustainability, the ability to meet humanitys current ineluctably without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their needs (M.C. , 2009). It is essential that society studies the sustainability of our resources not only so they can be preserved, but to aid in the prediction of growing and evolution. Some countr ies like the US, Canada, Japan, and Europe are highly actual countries that are consuming the majority of the worlds sustainable consumption. As the under developed countries such as Haiti, yemen, and Sudan begin to grow they will take on a larger share of the sustainable consumption.Without monitoring the development from an environmental hitch of view the worlds population could literally eat themselves out of house and home. Those who dont know history are doomed to repeat it. Edmund Burke. Looking tooshie through history the United States has not always been the best stewards to the dirt. In fact, through many mistakes the lessons of Mother Nature have been ingrained into our culture. The concept of conservation and preservation was brought about by a group of men in the mid 1800s through the early 1900s.Benjamin Harrison (18331901), Grover Cleveland (18371908), William McKinley (18431901), and Theodore Roosevelt (18581919) were all the first to use the Forest Reserve Act, this act was put into affect in 1881 which gave the president the authority to establish forest reserves on public, federally owned land (M. C. , 2009). Before this the lands in the western United States were falling victim to deforestation with 160 billion board foot of lumber being cut from 1860, scarcely after the Civil War to 1900.Throughout history the government has been very proactive in establishing programs to help preserve and protect the natural resources. Until 1970, the voice of the environmentalist was nothing but a whisper that was only heard through two organizations, the Sierra Club and the National Wildlife Federation (M. C. , 2009). When Denis Hays, a Harvard graduate assimilator was influenced by a former Wisconsin senator to organize the first recognized Earth Day it bacame a gateway for informing the public on sustainability, consumption and what we indispensable to do to preserve our environment.Eventually Earth Day became a way to show people that their l ittle contribution to reducing their carbon footprint as much as possible was magnified greatly when coupled with others efforts. By Earth Day 1990, the movement had spread around the world, signaling the rapid growth in environmental consciousness (M. C. , 2009). In conclusion, it is inevitable that the world as a whole will continue to grow, the population will increase, and resources will be exhuasted. It is for that reason the human race must be aware of what is coming.